Important Eras and Conversion of Eras in Indian History ||

Important Eras

Name of the Era	Reckoned from	Remarks
Kali	3102 – 3101 BC	Began 20 years after the end of Mahabharata War.
Saptarshi / Laukika	3077 – 3076 BC	Started after the expiry of 25 Kali year.
Vikrama / Krita / Malawa	58 / 57 BC	Commenced by Vikramaditya, the local king of Ujjayini (Malawa), to commemorate the victory over the Sakas.
Saka	78 AD	Commenced by Kushan ruler Kanishka, on the occasion of his ascendence to the throne. Saka era is known as salivahana Sakabda in South India. The Government of India adopted Saka Era along with the Gregorian Calendar (i.e., Julean Calendar / Christian Calendar) as National Calendar on 22 March, 1957 (1st Chaitra 1879 Saka).
Kalchuri	248 AD	Founded by Abhir king Ishwar Sen, later on used by Taraikutka ruler and Kalchuris of Chedi.
Gupta	319 – 20 AD	Founded by Gupta ruler Chandragupta -1, on the occasion of his ascendence to the throne. After the fall of the Guptas, the Maitrakas of Valabhi used this era with a new name Valabhi Samvata. The beginning of Gupta era was fixed by J.F.Fleet in 1857 AD.
Harsha	606 AD	Founded by Harshavardhan of Kannauj, to pronounce his ascendance to the throne.
Hijri	622 AD	Founded by Umar, the second Caliphate of Khilafat empire, to commemorate the hijrat from Macca to Madina by Hazrat Muhammad.
Kollam	825 AD	An era that is use in Malabar (Kerela).
Nevari / Nepali	879 AD	Founded by Jaydeo Mall.
Chalukya / Vikrama	1076 AD	Founded by Vikramaditya – VI, the Chalukya ruler of Kalyani, on the occasion of his ascendance to the throne.
Lakshmana	1119 AD	Founded by Sen ruler of Bengal Lakshmana Sen.
Ilahi	1556 AD	Founded by Mughal ruler Akbar in 1584 AD, but in 1658 AD Aurangzeb abolished the use of Ilahi era.
Raj Saka	1674 AD	Founded by Maratha Chhatrapati Shivaji to pronounce his ascendance to the throne.

Conversion of Eras

With the help of above mentioned table, any era can be converted into other era.

1. Conversion of AD of Christian era in Vikrama era:  For conversion of AD era in Vikrama era, 57 is added to AD.

e.g.: Convert 2013 AD into Vikrama era.

AD                  Vikrama

2013 + 57   =   2070

2. Conversion of Vikrama era into AD era: To find AD era from Vikrama era, 57 is subtracted from Vikrama era.

e.g.: Convert 2070 Vikrama era into AD era.

 

Vikrama               AD

2070  -  57    =     2013

3. Conversion of AD era into Saka era: To get Saka era from AD era, 78 is subtracted from AD. And Vice-versa.

e.g.: Convert 2013AD into Saka era.

 

AD           Saka

2013-78=1935

 

Convert 1935 Saka era into AD era.

 

Saka           AD

1935 + 78 = 2013

4. Conversion of AD of Chritian era into Hijri Era: To calculate Hijri era from AD of Christian era, the following formula ( C - 622 ) * 33/22 = … H is used.

e.g.: Convert 2013 AD of Christian ear into Hijri era.

 

( 2013 – 622 ) * 33/22 = 1434 H

5. Conversion of Hijri era into AD of Christian era: To calculate AD of Christian era from Hijri era, the following formula ( H * 32/33 ) + 622 = …. C is used.

e.g.: Convert 1434 Hijri era into AD of Christian Era.

 

( 1434 * 32/33 ) + 622 = 2013 C